Hi Felix,
Let's start at the top, shall we :)
Fat loss. The first thing that you want to take into account when you begin a fat loss journey is: how much energy does my body use on a daily basis? You need to calculate your BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate, you can do this in the meal planner section of Scott's website) then once you have your numbers down, you need to subtract 10% (to begin with) in order to put your body into a calorie defecit. This means that your body will be fuelled throughout the day with less energy than it needs to function on a daily basis and be forced to recruit from elswhere: FAT & MUSCLE.
Now, we don't want to lose that precious muscle, we want to ensure our body is using as much as our stored body fat for energy as possible.
There are 2 parts to the story:
Diet
Many people new to the exercise and fitness scene underestimate the importance of a proper meal plan which provides you with all the macro & micro nutrients you need. I have always told people that diet counts for 70% of your results, exercise for the other 30%. You'll need to learn to manipulate your diet to maintain as much of the muscle you have while trimming the fat.
So you need to make yourself a meal plan. Check out this article of Scott's if you want to see how to do that. It'd take me far too long to type out, haha!
Training
Ignore what your friends are telling you. Total body circuit training is a great way to burn a tonne of calories in a short time and really spike your metabolism for hours after your workout. They might think that 2 consecutive days of circuit training is bad, but their goals might be different to yours. They might want to put on some muscle mass and have probably been told about how resting between days is important - it is, for when you want to grow. This is just my understanding, rest is not as important when you want to train for fat loss.
As for your training regime, it looks a bit muddled (no offense). Here's what I am currently doing for my fat loss journey, maybe you could try something similar.
5 x AM steady state cardio (I run for about 40 minutes as soon as I wake up, maintaining my heart rate about 65% of its max.)
Mon/Weds/Fri: I follow a StrongLifts 5x5 program (you can google this)
Thurs/Sun: Here's where the real fun is, I do a HIIT circuit, I posted it in the forum the other day here. GREAT workout for absolutely obliterating the fat!
Well there's a little intro and some information for you. You can ask more questions below if you have any, me and some other members will get back to you!
Enjoy!